Data collected in the upper atmosphere have shown that there has been a general thinning of the ozone layer over most of the globe. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and contains 75 per cent of all its gases. So air higher up is cooler than air lower down. [21] These in turn are being replaced by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and other compounds that do not destroy stratospheric ozone at all. The ozone layer, the one that protects us from radiation that comes from the Sun and outer space, is found in the stratosphere. Region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. The Troposphere. If all of the ozone were compressed to the pressure of the air at sea level, it would be only 3 millimetres (1⁄8 inch) thick.[6]. Then, the ozone-rich air is carried to higher latitudes and drops into lower layers of the atmosphere.[9]. A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere Ans : B. Stratosphere • This layer absorbs UV-radiations from the sunlight and prevent it from reaching the earth surface. If a parcel of air moves upwards it expands (because of the lower pressure). The layers of Earth's atmosphere, with a yellow line showing the air temperature at various heights. It was deduced that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a layer that begins between 6 and 10 miles (10 and 17 kilometers) above the Earth's surface and extends up to about 30 miles (50 kilometers). The "bad ozone" is in the troposphere. That is because of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. [citation needed] The specific metaphors used in the discussion (ozone shield, ozone hole) proved quite useful[14] and, compared to global climate change, the ozone case was much more seen as a "hot issue" and imminent risk. As the name suggests, we are halfway up our atmosphere layers when we reach this part. This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. The ozone molecule is unstable (although, in the stratosphere, long-lived) and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of O2 and an individual atom of oxygen, a continuing process called the ozone-oxygen cycle. After negotiation of an international treaty (the Montreal Protocol), CFC production was capped at 1986 levels with commitments to long-term reductions. Contains gases needed to survive 2. Mesosphere. Watch this video to know everything about the air around us. In this … The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. The ozone layer is located in the lower part of the stratosphere, in a space between 20 and 30 kilometers above the earth. Above is the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer. This type of UV radiation is significantly less harmful to DNA, although it may still potentially cause physical damage, premature aging of the skin, indirect genetic damage, and skin cancer.[8]. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. These replacement compounds are more reactive and less likely to survive long enough in the atmosphere to reach the stratosphere where they could affect the ozone layer. However, temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude, and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions (see the temperature section, below). Higher still is the thin air of the mesosphere, where meteors burn up. In the northern hemisphere these patterns, known as the Brewer-Dobson circulation, make the ozone layer thickest in the spring and thinnest in the fall. The ozone layer extends from 20 km to 40 km of height above sea level in the stratosphere layer because the stratosphere layer is the first layer in the atmosphere which contains a suitable amount of oxygen gas, that faces ultraviolet radiations emitted from the Sun. CONCORDE, the supersonic airliner, may be destroying the ozone layer far faster than anyone anticipated, by leaving a hitherto unnoticed fog of sulphuric acid in its wake. All life on this planet is affected by the changes that happen in this layer, as all the weather changes take place in the troposphere. Nevertheless, some UV-B, particularly at its longest wavelengths, reaches the surface, and is important for the skin's production of vitamin D. Ozone is transparent to most UV-A, so most of this longer-wavelength UV radiation reaches the surface, and it constitutes most of the UV reaching the Earth. In the late 20th century, human emissions of chemical substances called halocarbons adversely affected the amount of ozone molecules in the atmosphere, most notably resulting in the dramatic annual ozone … Ques : Which layer of the atmosphere is rich in ozone? The majority of ozone is produced over the tropics and is transported towards the poles by stratospheric wind patterns. Beginning January 1, 1996, only recycled and stockpiled CFCs were available for use in developed countries like the US. LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and contains 75 per cent of all its gases. The higher we go in this layer of the atmosphere, the ‘’thinner’’ the air gets, meaning it is significantly harder for us humans to breathe. The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere where we can find the ozone layer. It contains the ozone layer, which is the part of Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of that gas. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 2008 - October 4, 2008PNG. J.M., Fahey D. W., Daniel, J. S., McFarland, M. and Andersen, S.O (2009). The layer is mainly calm as the gases are slow due to the increasing temperature. Ozone levels have dropped by a worldwide average of about 4 percent since the late 1970s. This portion of the atmosphere is partially ionized and contains a plasma which is referred to as the ionosphere. This layer contains the ozone layer which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. The lower part of the stratosphere contains the highest concentration, dubbed "the ozone layer". The Earth’s atmosphere is split into many different layers of gas. It contains most of the ozone in the form of ozone layer. The exosphere is the top layer, fading off into space. Since that time, the treaty was amended to ban CFC production after 1995 in the developed countries, and later in developing countries. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, fro… You have guessed it, high temperatures are the name of the game here. Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of 5,500–6,000 K (5,227 to 5,727 °C), except that there was no radiation below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. How? If we start from the top of the troposphere and go further into the sky, we reach the layer known as the stratosphere. over Australia) is thinned, leading to more UV radiation reaching the earth. The layer of atmosphere which contains the ozone is the stratospheric layer. This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. The layer of atmosphere which contains the ozone is the stratospheric layer. The problem is ozone is an irritant and can give rise to a number of toxic substances. The Earth's ozone layer ozone layerThe region of the stratosphere containing the bulk of atmospheric ozone. Mesosphere. The air is a bit thinner, so there is not much resistance, which makes the planes fly faster. Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the sun. It has been estimated that the ozone layer will recover to 1980 levels near the middle of the 21st century. The ionosphere isn't actually a layer of the atmosphere but regions in the layers where … The Stratosphere: Ozone's Home. Some breakdown can be expected to continue because of ODSs used by nations which have not banned them, and because of gases which are already in the stratosphere. The temperatures in the stratosphere are inverse to those in the troposphere, meaning they rise with altitude. • The ozone layer is a layer in earth’s atmosphere which contains 90% of atmospheric ozone(O3). The "Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the amount of ozone overhead, is named in his honor. J.M., & Ramanathan, V., (2013). Research has found that the ozone levels in the United States are highest in the spring months of April and May and lowest in October. The ozone layer serves a vital role in the protection of our planet, as the molecules of ozone prevent ultraviolet light from the Sun to hit our planet without stopping. Each layer has its own properties, depending on how far you are from the surface of the planet. It contains a high concentration of ozone(O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. This is the first and the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The ozone layer is destroyed over time by products that contain chlorofluorocarbons. The Earth’s atmosphere is split into many different layers of gas. #1 This is the atmospheric layer that is closest to the Earth's surface. To support successful regulation attempts, the ozone case was communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate risks with everyday relevance". Compounds containing C–H bonds (such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or HCFCs) have been designed to replace CFCs in certain applications. Planes usually fly in the lowest parts of the stratosphere layer. The stratosphere gets its name because it is stratified, or layered: as elevation increases, the stratosphere gets warmer. 2nd layer of the atmosphere; weather balloons rise through this layer; contains the ozone layer Mesosphere it is the 3rd (or middle) layer of the atmosphere; "shooting stars" or meteors can seen as a flash of light in this layer; coldest layer While there are natural sources for all of these species, the concentrations of chlorine and bromine increased markedly in recent decades because of the release of large quantities of man-made organohalogen compounds, especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons. The ozone layer contains high concentrations of ozone (O3), and we can describe it as a layer in the earth’s atmosphere. [19], On August 2, 2003, scientists announced that the global depletion of the ozone layer may be slowing down because of the international regulation of ozone-depleting substances. The large amount of ozone in the stratosphere is often referred to as the “ozone layer.” Ozone and Oxygen Ozone in the Atmosphere By 2009, nitrous oxide was the largest ozone-depleting substance (ODS) emitted through human activities. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a layer that begins between 6 and 10 miles (10 and 17 kilometers) above the Earth's surface and extends up to about 30 miles (50 kilometers). The remaining ozone is in the lower region of the atmosphere, which is … The ozone layer is depleted in two ways. The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. The chemical waste that humans create by using products such as aerosols and older air conditioners is the main cause of ozone depletion. The middle layer of Earth's atmosphere; the layer in which most meteoroids burn up. In the stratosphere incoming solar radiation creates the ozone layer. [9] When ozone is produced by solar UV radiation in the tropics, it is done so by circulation lifting ozone-poor air out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere where the sun photolyzes oxygen molecules and turns them into ozone. Between 1928 and 1958, Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations, which continue to operate to this day. For approximately 5 percent of the Earth's surface, around the north and south poles, much larger seasonal declines have been seen, and are described as "ozone holes". The ozone layer is a portion of the Earth’s atmosphere that contains relatively high levels of ozone, O 3.The Earth’s atmosphere consists of many different layers and is made up primarily of nitrogen, with oxygen being the second-most common element. The thermosphere contains an electrically charged layer that radio waves bounce off. The atmospheric layer that contains the ozone layer is the... See full answer below. Simple chemistry. Ozone is an extremely important gas, because it absorbs most ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it can reach Earth. above troposphere, contains ozone layer, the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere and the one where the ozone layer is formed and where the planes fly in. UV radiation capable of penetrating nitrogen is divided into three categories, based on its wavelength; these are referred to as UV-A (400–315 nm), UV-B (315–280 nm), and UV-C (280–100 nm). Molina, M., Zaelke, D., Sarma, M. K., Andersen, S.O., Ramanathan, V., and Kaniaru, D. (2009). Protection from ultraviolet radiation from the sun 4. This molecule plays an important role acting … Firstly, the ozone layer in the mid-latitude (e.g. It is no different from the ozone in the ozone layer. In essence, the higher you go, the colder it gets. The air here is extremely thin, and the conditions here are more similar to the ones we find when we leave the Earth’s atmosphere entirely. This production phaseout was possible because of efforts to ensure that there would be substitute chemicals and technologies for all ODS uses. Ozone is an extremely important gas, because it absorbs most ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it can reach Earth. Ozone depletion is the term commonly used to describe the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. MadebyPratik 3 The ozone layer is a portion of the Earth’s atmosphere that contains relatively high levels of ozone, O 3.The Earth’s atmosphere consists of many different layers and is made up primarily of nitrogen, with oxygen being the second-most common element. We mostly hear about the ozone layer, and the importance of protecting it. Higher still is the thin air of the mesosphere, where meteors burn up. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9.3 to 21.7 mi) above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically.[1]. It is formed of three oxygen atoms (giving it the chemical formula, O3). All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. An Interview with Lee Thomas, EPA's 6th Administrator. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere. In the U.S., chlorofluorocarbons continued to be used in other applications, such as refrigeration and industrial cleaning, until after the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985. This layer contains the ozone layer which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. Learn how this atmosphere arranges itself in 4 layers above earth – troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, how the ozone layer protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun, and why does it feel cold when we go up high in the air. The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere from 10 to 30 miles above sea level. The increase in temperature with height occurs because of absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by this ozone. The ozone layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, searchThe ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O 3).This layer absorbs 97–99% of the Sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to the life forms on Earth. Thermosphere. atmosphere, contain two oxygen atoms bound together. Ozone layer Edit. Solar energy shoots in from space and splits that molecule into two atoms. These are man-made chemical compounds comprised of chlorine, fluorine and carbon. Consequently, unabsorbed and dangerous ultraviolet radiation is able to reach the Earth's surface at a higher intensity. Almost all clouds you see up in the sky appear in the troposphere, and 99% of the water that vaporizes from the surface is found here. Ozone (O3) is a gas which is present naturally within Earth's atmosphere. When air expands it cools. An ‘Ozone Hole’ would approximate to an area where the ozone concentration drops to an average of around 100 Dobson Units. Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's atmosphere. Each ozone molecule contains three atoms of oxygen and is denoted chemically as O 3. The stratospheric ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet light, which damages DNA in plants and animals (including humans) and leads to skin cancer. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. About 10% of atmospheric ozone is in the troposphere, the region closest to Earth (from the surface to about 10–16 kilometers (6–10 miles)). The ozone layer forms when molecular oxygen absorbs the extremely high amounts of energy coming from the Sun. The residual effects of CFCs accumulating within the atmosphere lead to a concentration gradient between the atmosphere and the ocean. Layers of the Atmosphere (Main) Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere. It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. The ozone layer is the part of the Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). • It’s thickness varies seasonally and geographically. We often describe the ozone layer thickness in the form of Dobson units. The good news is that the stratospheric ozone layer absorbs all UV-C, the most deadly form, and even a thinned ozone layer is unlikely to let much through. The ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Traps energy from the sun to keep the planet warm 3. This molecule plays an important role acting … Ozone layer is here. Ionosphere. Above is the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer. Some ODSs, including CFCs, have very long atmospheric lifetimes, ranging from 50 to over 100 years. Although, technically we call it the atmosphere – the circle of air. The easiest way to think about the atmosphere above our planet is to imagine an invisible shield that protects our planet from all the bad stuff that floats around in the universe. This is when we talk about the levels of oxygen, the one layer that contains the most of this gas every living thing on this planet needs. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen); the atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone, O3. More about ozone layer depletion. + The good kind of ozone The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere from 10 to 30 miles above sea level. The Stratosphere: Ozone's Home . Extremely short or vacuum UV (10–100 nm) is screened out by nitrogen. The reason airplanes fly through the stratosphere is that doing so is the most efficient way for fuel consumption. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 Montreal Protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. This layer is under constant attack from the X-rays and UV radiation coming from the Sun and the space around us. The chemical waste that humans create by using products such as aerosols and older air conditioners is the main cause of ozone depletion. At its most extreme, the 'ozone hole' contains 60 per cent less ozone than normal. It starts from the ground (or sea level) of our planet and expands up to 10 km up in the sky. Ozone layer, also called ozonosphere, region of the upper atmosphere, between roughly 15 and 35 km (9 and 22 miles) above Earth’s surface, containing relatively high concentrations of ozone molecules (O 3 ). ". Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's atmosphere. This GALEX image of the Cygnus Loop nebula could not have been taken from the surface of the Earth because the ozone layer blocks the ultra-violet radiation emitted by the nebula. As ozone in the atmosphere prevents most energetic ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of the Earth, astronomical data in these wavelengths have to be gathered from satellites orbiting above the atmosphere and ozone layer. It is the layer in which we live. Region where the protective ozone layer is located; Contains the ozone layer, temperature increases with altitude Troposphere Region largely responsible for the weather experienced at the Earth's surface; Region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. The stratosphere is the mass of protective gases cling ing to our planet. But if you want to understand what ozone's all about, you need to understand that it can be good, and it can be bad. That is why climbing high mountain peaks is so challenging! The decrease in temperature with height is a result of the decreasing pressure. [15] Lay people were cautious about a depletion of the ozone layer and the risks of skin cancer. While the total amount of ozone increases moving from the tropics to higher latitudes, the concentrations are greater in high northern latitudes than in high southern latitudes, due to the ozone hole phenomenon. This layer goes up around 50 km above the Earth’s ground. In general, air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere. The reasons for these variations are due to atmospheric circulation patterns and solar intensity. Most of the light from young hot stars is in the ultraviolet and so study of these wavelengths is important for studying the origins of galaxies. This is the layer where most commercial airliners fly and weather balloons travel to. Scientists, who specialize in the measurement of the ozone layer, use the Dobson unit, which is 0.01mm thick at the Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). Each ozone molecule contains three atoms of oxygen and is denoted chemically as O 3. The mesosphere goes up to 85 km above the surface of our planet, and the temperatures here behave as they do in the troposphere. On earth, you will find over 90% of the ozone layer. [10] These highly stable compounds are capable of surviving the rise to the stratosphere, where Cl and Br radicals are liberated by the action of ultraviolet light. 2nd layer of the atmosphere; weather balloons rise through this layer; contains the ozone layer Mesosphere it is the 3rd (or middle) layer of the atmosphere; "shooting stars" or meteors can seen as a flash of light in this layer; coldest layer One of these is called the ozone layer, a 4.3-mile (7-km) thick part of the stratosphere that contains most of the world’s ozone. 1979 - September 17, 1979PNG. In 1976, atmospheric research revealed that the ozone layer was being depleted by chemicals released by industry, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Scientists often refer to the part of the atmosphere where ozone is most depleted as the ‘ozone hole’, but it is not really a hole—just a vast region of the upper atmosphere where there is less ozone than elsewhere. The photochemical mechanisms that give rise to the ozone layer were discovered by the British physicist Sydney Chapman in 1930. [18] Today, all of the world's 197 countries have signed the treaty. • The ozone layer is found in the lower portion of the stratosphere from about 20 to 30 km above the earth’s surface. The ozone in this region is commonly known as the ozone layer. In 1978, the United States, Canada and Norway enacted bans on CFC-containing aerosol sprays that damage the ozone layer. [9] Thickness refers to how much ozone is in a column over a given area and varies from season to season. NASA images courtesy Goddard Space Flight Center Ozone Processing Team. It extends … This tracer helps scientists study ocean circulation by tracing biological, physical and chemical pathways [22]. [11], The breakdown of ozone in the stratosphere results in reduced absorption of ultraviolet radiation. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole.By absorbing dangerous UV radiation, the ozone in the stratosphere protects us from skin cancer and other health damage. Venus also has a thin ozone layer at an altitude of 100 kilometers above the planet's surface.[5]. Troposphere. Stratosphere. Its structure means that In the late 20th century, human emissions of chemical substances called halocarbons adversely affected the amount of ozone molecules in the atmosphere, most notably resulting in the dramatic annual ozone hole over the Antarctic region. The temperatures rise from around -76°F (-60°C) at the start of the stratosphere to about 5°F (-15°C) at the stratopause. It is the densest atmospheric layer and contains 90% of the atmosphere's total mass. The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that contains the ozone layer is the stratosphere. This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 12:37. layers of Earth's atmosphere. The troposphere contains about 75% of all of the air in the atmosphere, and almost all of the water vapour (which forms clouds and rain). The stratosphere defines a layer in which temperatures rise with increasing altitude. [12] The discovery of the annual depletion of ozone above the Antarctic was first announced by Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin, in a paper which appeared in Nature on May 16, 1985.[13]. The ozone layer is present as a part of the stratosphere which is the second layer of the atmosphere above the earth's crust. [2] Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. above troposphere, contains ozone layer, the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer Somewhere it is around 100,000 km, but it can expand up to 190,000 km above sea level. In this layer, the temperature rises as you go further up, and it has something to do with the ozone layer that is found inside the stratosphere. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer is destroyed over time by products that contain chlorofluorocarbons. [12] A gradual trend toward "healing" was reported in 2016.[20]. International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Scientists discover Ozone Layer on Venus", "Photolysis of Atmospheric Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region", "NOAA Study Shows Nitrous Oxide Now Top Ozone-Depleting Emission", "Stratospheric Ozone and Surface Ultraviolet Radiation", "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClO, "The Evolution of Policy Responses to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion", "Brief Questions and Answers on Ozone Depletion", "Emergence of healing in the Antarctic ozone layer", "Observations of CFCs and SF6 as Ocean Tracers", The Large Contribution of Projected HFC Emissions to Future Climate Forcing", "The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting Climate", Reducing Abrupt Climate Change Risk Using the Montreal Protocol and Other Regulatory Actions to Complement Cuts in CO2 Emissions", "Technology Transfer for the Ozone Layer: Lessons for Climate Change", Protecting the Ozone Layer: Science and Strategy, Stratospheric ozone: an electronic textbook, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ozone_layer&oldid=991317617, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from February 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Velders, G. 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An area where the ozone layer is destroyed over time by products that contain chlorofluorocarbons can expand up to km... Or vacuum UV ( 10–100 nm ) is thinned, leading to More UV radiation reaching the Earth s! Primarily in two regions of the amount of ozone depletion is the stratospheric layer only one chemical!, Canada and Norway enacted bans on CFC-containing aerosol sprays that damage the ozone layer in which most burn... Block the most efficient way for fuel consumption ) emitted through human activities most meteoroids burn up main cause ozone. Radiation reaching the Earth [ 18 ] Today, all of the Earth system found! Second layer of the stratosphere results in reduced absorption of ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation before can... Variations are due to the increasing temperature top of the ozone layer is on the lowest part the!
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